Kind of essay writing
Persuavie Speech Topics
Wednesday, August 26, 2020
Nationalistic Strategy of Emiratisation
The Beatles right up 'til today are one of the most well known Essay andpopular awesome gatherings on the planet. The Beatlesinclude George Harrison, John Lennon(1940-1980), PaulMcCartney, and Richard Starkey(Ringo Starr). All of theBeatles where brought up in Liverpool, England. JohnLennon was viewed as the pioneer of the band. GeorgeHarrison was the lead guitarist. John Lennon was a musician, one of the two lead artists, and beat guitarist. Paul McCartney was a lyricist, one of the two leadsingers, and a bassist. Ringo Starr played the drums. John Lennons first band was known as the Quarrymen (namedafter his High School). None of the three Beatles were inthis band. Paul joined the gathering in 1957 and Harrisonjoined in 1958. They played with bass guitarist SutSutcliffe, and Pete Best, a drummer. Sutcliffe left in 1961and Ringo Starr joined the band. Pete Best was asked toleave the band on April 16, 1962. He was considered theBeatles undisputed sex image. The Beatles were discoveredon November 9, 1961 by Brian Epstein, an administrator of a recordstore in Liverpool just as a x British Army fighter. We will compose a custom paper on The Beatles right up 'til today are one of the most well known explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now The Beatles initial two melody were Love Me Do andPlease, Please Me. The Beatles featured in two motion pictures, AHard Days Night, and Help. They likewise had their own fulllength animation called Yellow Submarine. The film A HardDays Night earned 1.3 million dollars in its first week. The Beatles early music was affected by artists ChuckBerry and Elvis Presley. In November of 1963 the Beatles acted in front ofthe Queen of England. This was an unfathomable respect. By theend of 1963 the Beatles were the greatest music bunch inEngland. The Beatles came to New York City for the firsttime in 1964. They were a moment achievement. A couple ofweeks later after their New York appearance, the five top rated records were by the Beatles. They became worldfamous before the finish of 1964. Likewise in 1964 the tune I Want ToHold Your Hand denoted the start of BEATLEMANIA.The Beatles were irregular on the grounds that most stone was strongbeat with no song. The Beatles added tune to shake. TheBeatles additionally included solid and significant verses. John Lennonwrote a book brought In His Own Write. The Beatles starteda new period of music. They wore their hair long and shaggy. This hair style was known as the Beatles hair style. All acrossthe world individuals began wearing their hair like theBeatles. John Lennon portrayed the Beatles like this When yousaid it, it was crawly things, when you read it, it was beatmusic. The Beatles made their last stage appearancetogether in 1966. In 1967 the Beatles set up a gem. The artful culmination was Sergeant Peppers Lonely HeartClub Band. The Beatles never got an opportunity to performSergeant Peppers Lonely Heart Club Band. Likewise in 1967 BrianEpstein, the administrator of the Beatles, passed on. Likewise in 1967 theBeatles coordinated a film, Magical Mystery Tour. The moviewas about themselves in which they visited the Englishcountryside looking for marvel, fun, and enchantment. In 1970 the world celebrated and world adored Beatlesseparated. Everyone was planning to see the Beatles rebound together. That expectation finished when the harmony cherishing JohnLennon was executed outside his New York City condo by 25year old Mark David Chapman.
Saturday, August 22, 2020
Digitization and convergence of music industry
Digitization and union of music industry Conventional record industry plan of action Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery note that the connection between the craftsman and the record organization is generally legally binding which ordinarily keep going for a constrained timeframe or number of records relying upon the determination of the contract.1 Record organizations changes over the masterful creation into purchaser items close by putting resources into specialists to grow and showcase their works.2 Advertising We will compose a custom article test on Digitization and intermingling of music industry explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More A record industry can be supposed to do very great on the off chance that one of every ten of the all out craftsman interest thusly out beneficial. Significant, most craftsman regularly never offer enough to recoup the acquired generally speaking expense. Record organizations support amateur craftsmen from benefits, inventories deals and new discharges. Craftsman must accomplish a predefined number of duplicates offered to earn back the original investment. The standard chronicle industry income is gathered from accounts while the turnover from T-shirt deals, shows, etc, typically develop to the craftsman. When a music piece has gotten well known, the music business bundle industry in different groups to sell a similar purchaser a similar piece various times.1 in the midst of expanding income from sponsorship, marketed, live visiting and declining deals of CDs the business has experience a contracting share in the general 1Sacha Wunsch-Vincent and Graham Vickery, ââ¬ËDigital Broadband Content: Musicââ¬â¢, Working Party on the Information Economy: Directorate for science, innovation and industry board of trustees for data, PC and correspondences approach, 2004, p. 39. 2Barney Wragg, Vice President, eLabs, Universal Music International (UMI) and Ms. Sara John, Government Affairs Head, EMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panel (OECD, 2004b).Advertising Looking for exposition on craftsmanship and plan? We should check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More music income. With respect to declining CD deal, the negative result of the changing record name approach on the artistââ¬â¢s returns must be returned to as far as advanced music deals likewise which may move artistsââ¬â¢ returns. 1 Digital rights the executives (DRM) Effective DRM advances have been held onto as the business empowering agents has for the computerized conveyance of music just as for the various plans of action that meet the shoppers desires. Despite their disadvantages, they might be a huge specialized gadget for securing the IPRs and have capability of getting tenacious over the general computerized dispersion chain. Through their ability to make sure about substance, they may persuade the substance rightholders to benefit content for digitization and following advanced deals. By excellence of th eir capacity to offer different access plans to content the, DRMs may bear the cost of substance helps that are comply with purchaser needs including the option to purchase time-restricted permission to tunes and along these lines expanding shoppers decision and desire. Numerous issues are related with DRMs. In any case the key issues with DRMââ¬â¢s seem to have experienced issues in checking unapproved get to. DRM projects and innovations ought to be generously strong to ensure the insurance of computerized substance to theft. Methods for bridling innovation to make sure about licensed innovation have been created and have produced results. 3European Commission, ââ¬Ëcommunication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Marketââ¬â¢. To address this issue, different governments have vow to build up an adequate lawful assurance and helpful legitimate arrangements against the circumvention of innovative security intercessions, for example, DRMs. These legal insurances are essential for DRMs to work true to form. 1 Second, the extending adaption of DRM innovations has suggested conversation starter that the last may possibly confine use rights. Undoubtedly this worry has become an approach premise probably for customer affiliation and is clear in important gatherings. In light of certain scholastics, limits spot to private duplicates can turn out troublesome when they swing the balance between the desires for copyright holders just as the public.Advertising We will compose a custom exposition test on Digitization and assembly of music industry explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More DRMs have only from time to time been known to square authentic access of substance and administrations, not at all like the CD-Rom duplicate insurance innovations. All things considered, architects of DRM, clients of DRM-secured item should be similarly worried to guarantee reasonable use rights, and players in the market adjusting DRM , straightforwardness, protection, and simplicity unwavering quality of access.1 Bibliography European Commission, ââ¬Ëcommunication on The Management of Copyright and Related Rights in the Internal Marketââ¬â¢, 2004, pp. 11 Wragg B, John S, ââ¬ËEMI Music during the OECD Digital Broadband Content Panelââ¬â¢ (OECD, 2004b). Wunsch-Vincent, S Vickery G, ââ¬ËDigital Broadband Content: Musicââ¬â¢, Working Party on the Information Economy, Directorate for science, innovation andâ industry advisory group for data, PC and correspondences strategy, 2004, p. 39.
Friday, August 21, 2020
Finding a Therapist to Treat Your Phobia
Finding a Therapist to Treat Your Phobia Phobias Treatment Print Finding a Therapist to Treat Your Phobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Updated on February 17, 2020 Alain Shroder/ONOKY/Getty Images More in Phobias Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types Phobias, which are extreme irrational fears of certain things (like fear of insects, entomophobia) and situations (like fear of flying, aerophobia) can be treated with therapy, but when youre looking for a therapist you may not know where to start. Finding the Right Therapist Follow this guide to locating a great therapist who can help you learn to manage your fears. Get a Referral Your friends, family, and medical doctor may be able to recommend a therapist to you. Many larger cities also provide referral hotlines, which are generally free of charge. Another wonderful source for referrals is your local university or medical center. These facilities often have mental health centers attached, where you can find a variety of mental health specialists. Keep in mind that referrals from mental health providers are generally the most reliable. Check Credentials Although most therapists are excellent, pseudo-therapists with dubious credentials do exist. Make sure that you choose a reputable professional. All therapists must have a license to practice; this information should be prominently displayed on their website. But if it isnt, make sure to ask the therapist about their licensure. Most licensed clinical psychologists spend an average of seven years in training after college to earn doctoral degrees. Inquire About Specialization Many therapists choose to specialize in a particular branch of therapy. Others limit their practices to certain age groups. Call the offices or visit the websites of potential therapists to determine if they treat clients of your age with phobias. Check With Your Insurance Company Most insurance companies maintain a list of preferred mental health providers, which may be available online. Using a preferred provider generally results in out-of-pocket savings. Be Upfront Therapists are used to working with insurance companies. Your therapist should be able to communicate with your insurance company to determine the extent of your coverage and how much you will have to pay at the onset of therapy. Once this is determined, work with your therapist to develop the best possible treatment plan. Under the mental health parity laws of 2010, if your insurance company offers mental health benefits, they cant be more severely restricted than those offered for physical illnesses. Additionally, mental health benefits are considered an essential benefit under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which took effect in 2014. Look Into Low-Cost Alternatives If you are uninsured or underinsured, you may qualify for low-cost or sliding scale services at your local community mental health center. Look online or call your local health clinic for information about services in your area. Some universities will also have affiliated training clinics where graduate students under supervision by licensed professionals provide low-cost therapy services. Consider a Group Seminar Although self-diagnosis can be dangerous, if your phobia is obvious and isolated, such as a fear of flying, a group seminar may be helpful. Online support groups are good sources of information on targeted seminars for a range of specific phobias. Interview the Potential Therapist ?Your first appointment will consist of an intake interview. The therapist will ask you many questions, but its a good opportunity to ask some questions of your own. Its important for you and your therapist to establish a rapport, so dont hesitate to interview him or her and see if you click. It can be difficult to trust someone immediately, but complete honesty in the first session is the best way to see if your chosen therapist is right for you. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs
Finding a Therapist to Treat Your Phobia
Finding a Therapist to Treat Your Phobia Phobias Treatment Print Finding a Therapist to Treat Your Phobia By Lisa Fritscher Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial policy Lisa Fritscher Medically reviewed by Updated on February 17, 2020 Alain Shroder/ONOKY/Getty Images More in Phobias Treatment Causes Symptoms and Diagnosis Types Phobias, which are extreme irrational fears of certain things (like fear of insects, entomophobia) and situations (like fear of flying, aerophobia) can be treated with therapy, but when youre looking for a therapist you may not know where to start. Finding the Right Therapist Follow this guide to locating a great therapist who can help you learn to manage your fears. Get a Referral Your friends, family, and medical doctor may be able to recommend a therapist to you. Many larger cities also provide referral hotlines, which are generally free of charge. Another wonderful source for referrals is your local university or medical center. These facilities often have mental health centers attached, where you can find a variety of mental health specialists. Keep in mind that referrals from mental health providers are generally the most reliable. Check Credentials Although most therapists are excellent, pseudo-therapists with dubious credentials do exist. Make sure that you choose a reputable professional. All therapists must have a license to practice; this information should be prominently displayed on their website. But if it isnt, make sure to ask the therapist about their licensure. Most licensed clinical psychologists spend an average of seven years in training after college to earn doctoral degrees. Inquire About Specialization Many therapists choose to specialize in a particular branch of therapy. Others limit their practices to certain age groups. Call the offices or visit the websites of potential therapists to determine if they treat clients of your age with phobias. Check With Your Insurance Company Most insurance companies maintain a list of preferred mental health providers, which may be available online. Using a preferred provider generally results in out-of-pocket savings. Be Upfront Therapists are used to working with insurance companies. Your therapist should be able to communicate with your insurance company to determine the extent of your coverage and how much you will have to pay at the onset of therapy. Once this is determined, work with your therapist to develop the best possible treatment plan. Under the mental health parity laws of 2010, if your insurance company offers mental health benefits, they cant be more severely restricted than those offered for physical illnesses. Additionally, mental health benefits are considered an essential benefit under the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act, which took effect in 2014. Look Into Low-Cost Alternatives If you are uninsured or underinsured, you may qualify for low-cost or sliding scale services at your local community mental health center. Look online or call your local health clinic for information about services in your area. Some universities will also have affiliated training clinics where graduate students under supervision by licensed professionals provide low-cost therapy services. Consider a Group Seminar Although self-diagnosis can be dangerous, if your phobia is obvious and isolated, such as a fear of flying, a group seminar may be helpful. Online support groups are good sources of information on targeted seminars for a range of specific phobias. Interview the Potential Therapist ?Your first appointment will consist of an intake interview. The therapist will ask you many questions, but its a good opportunity to ask some questions of your own. Its important for you and your therapist to establish a rapport, so dont hesitate to interview him or her and see if you click. It can be difficult to trust someone immediately, but complete honesty in the first session is the best way to see if your chosen therapist is right for you. The 9 Best Online Therapy Programs
Sunday, May 24, 2020
What is Nature Writing
Nature writing is a form of creative nonfiction in which the natural environment (or a narrators encounter with the natural environment) serves as the dominant subject. In critical practice, says Michael P. Branch, the term nature writing has usually been reserved for a brand of nature representation that is deemed literary, written in the speculative personal voice, and presented in the form of the nonfiction essay. Such nature writing is frequently pastoral or romantic in its philosophical assumptions, tends to be modern or even ecological in its sensibility, and is often in service to an explicit or implicit preservationist agenda (Before Nature Writing, in Beyond Nature Writing: Expanding the Boundaries of Ecocriticism, ed. by K. Armbruster and K.R. Wallace, 2001). Examples of Nature Writing: At the Turn of the Year, by William SharpThe Battle of the Ants, by Henry David ThoreauHours of Spring, by Richard JefferiesThe House-Martin, by Gilbert WhiteIn Mammoth Cave, by John BurroughsAn Island Garden, by Celia ThaxterJanuary in the Sussex Woods, by Richard JefferiesThe Land of Little Rain, by Mary AustinMigration, by Barry LopezThe Passenger Pigeon, by John James AudubonRural Hours, by Susan Fenimore CooperWhere I Lived, and What I Lived For, by Henry David Thoreau Observations: Gilbert White established the pastoral dimension of nature writing in the late 18th century and remains the patron saint of English nature writing. Henry David Thoreau was an equally crucial figure in mid-19th century America . . ..The second half of the 19th century saw the origins of what we today call the environmental movement. Two of its most influential American voices were John Muir and John Burroughs, literary sons of Thoreau, though hardly twins. . . .In the early 20th century the activist voice and prophetic anger of nature writers who saw, in Muirs words, that the money changers were in the temple continued to grow. Building upon the principles of scientific ecology that were being developed in the 1930s and 1940s, Rachel Carson and Aldo Leopold sought to create a literature in which appreciation of natures wholeness would lead to ethical principles and social programs.Today, nature writing in America flourishes as never before. Nonfiction may well be the most vital form o f current American literature, and a notable proportion of the best writers of nonfiction practice nature writing.(J. Elder and R. Finch, Introduction, The Norton Book of Nature Writing. Norton, 2002) Human Writing . . . in Nature By cordoning nature off as something separate from ourselves and by writing about it that way, we kill both theà genre and a part of ourselves. The best writing in this genre is not really nature writing anyway but human writing that just happens to take place in nature. And the reason we are still talking about [Thoreaus] Walden 150 years later is as much for the personal story as the pastoral one: a single human being, wrestling mightily with himself, trying to figure out how best to live during his brief time on earth, and, not least of all, a human being who has the nerve, talent, and raw ambition to put that wrestling match on display on the printed page. The human spilling over into the wild, the wild informing the human; the two always intermingling. Theres something to celebrate. (David Gessner, Sick of Nature. The Boston Globe, Aug. 1, 2004) Confessions of a Nature Writer I do not believe that the solution to the worlds ills is a return to some previous age of mankind. But I do doubt that any solution is possible unless we think of ourselves in the context of living naturePerhaps that suggests an answer to the question what a nature writer is. He is not a sentimentalist who says that nature never did betray the heart that loved her. Neither is he simply a scientist classifying animals or reporting on the behavior of birds just because certain facts can be ascertained. He is a writer whose subject is the natural context of human life, a man who tries to communicate his observations and his thoughts in the presence of nature as part of his attempt to make himself more aware of that context. Nature writing is nothing really new. It has always existed in literature. But it has tended in the course of the last century to become specialized partly because so much writing that is not specifically nature writing does not present the natural context at all; be cause so many novels and so many treatises describe man as an economic unit, a political unit, or as a member of some social class but not as a living creature surrounded by other living things.(Joseph Wood Krutch, Some Unsentimental Confessions of a Nature Writer. New York Herald Tribune Book Review, 1952)
Wednesday, May 13, 2020
A Research Study On Management Studies Essay - 1067 Words
After a great deal of self evaluation, I have resolved to pursue management studies. Management studies have never been my goal until I graduated, saying otherwise would be just an equivocation of the fact that slowly and steadily I started considering management studies to accomplish my long term goals and enhance my management skills. After experimenting with my career and meeting with many business enthusiasts, It was certain by the time that I want to pursue with MBA, to excel. Along with that my ultimate professional goal of discovering myself as a key decision maker, emboldened my decision. I am well aware of the fact that during the MBA course, one requires determination and arduous character. Recent years have seen that business is not a restricted field. The diversity in the classroom accentuates quality of the education and widen the creative thinker. Though I have never been outside India, but I have never been in the same city in India for a long time. As it is well evident that India is a dense forest of several cultures, fortunately I have experienced many of them, which has played a great role in my life by enhancing my adaptability and developing the network. Getting a chance to enrich my cross cultural experiences apart from within India would be my predilection. I am also fortunate to take in a diverse background professionally, which has exposed me to different cultures, people, places and Indian regional languages. Though, I have worked in differentShow MoreRelatedA Research Study On Management1710 Words à |à 7 Pages Henry Mintzberg, a world renowned professor at the prestigious McGill University once stated, Management is, above all, a practice where art, science, and craft meet. There are many ways one defines management. Throughout the last 5 weeks I got to grasp some of the key concepts one needs to acquire to become effective in management. I was able to gain the knowledge for these main ideas through the small group projects, the in/online class discussions, and the analyzed paper we ve completedRead MoreA Research Study On Reward Management1220 Words à |à 5 Pages1.1Introduction This chapter deals with the background of the study, statement of the problem, the objectives of the study, Research questions, significance, scope and limitations of the study. The significance of this chapter is to explore the main purpose of the research, the area to be covered and the problem of the research 1.2. Background of Study Reward management is one of the strategies used by Human Resource Managers for attracting and retaining suitable employees as well as facilitatingRead MoreA Research Study On Project Management922 Words à |à 4 PagesProject Management Institute. (Partington, 1996) States that with the rapid transformation from bureaucratic and hierarchical structures to more flexible, organic and matrix organizations conferences, seminars and organizations proliferated on how to manage projects. The PMI (Project Management Institute) was founded in 1969 as a nonprofit organization with the sole objective to ââ¬Å"foster recognition of the need for professionalism in project management; provide a forum for the free exchange of projectRead MoreA Research Study On Sedation Management799 Words à |à 4 PagesResearch Critique The design of both quantitative and qualitative research offer valuable information to the health sciences. There are circumstances when certainty is necessary, and a quantitative design is needed. In contrast, there are times when an understanding of the quality of a particular social interaction is needed. The paper will apply a quantitative and a qualitative research article to the topic of sedation management to help validate meaning gleaned from two different research designsRead MoreResearch Study On Behavior Management871 Words à |à 4 Pagesempirical research regarding behavior management in the classroom. More specifically, the article focuses on the findings and implications of a rarely discussed behavior known as ââ¬Å"teacher retreating.â⬠Teacher retreating is defined as the ââ¬Å"behavior that occurs in the classroom when a teacher backs down after one or more students undermine the teacherââ¬â¢s authority by failing to complyâ⬠(Ratcliff, Carroll, Hunt, 2014, p. 170). Furthermore, the research consisted of four independent studies where a totalRead MoreA Research Study On Management Of Risk Management1647 Words à |à 7 Pages1. Introduction: Project risk management these days is recognized as one of the important process of project management. Latest studies of project management has suggested that more focus should be on study of projects which are intra-alliance or inter-alliance networks. In the field of research about the risk management of project less attention is paid to the risk management in networked projects. The networked projects itself is a big concept, there are large number of people involved in a singleRead MoreA Research Study On Risk Management1922 Words à |à 8 Pagessuccessful. After reading this case study, Iââ¬â¢ve to notice so many poor decisions being made by this Satellite organization. The most noticeable issue was that they failed to plan initially. I noticed that there were unrealistic goals set, in which created a chaotic working environment. Because of this, the organization was bound to have nothing but an abundance of failure with this project and its success in the near future. As mentioned in the case study, the team faced many project failuresRead MoreA Research Study On Healthcare Management Essay981 Words à |à 4 Pageslearned about in high school are what introduced me to healthcare, but it was ultimately my undergraduate degree coupled with my experience working in a free health clinic that has solidified my decision to wholeheartedly pursue a career in healthcare management. As a GMU healthcare administration student, I have learned about the sociological, political, business, and medical components found in the healthcare system . Furthermore, by reading and learning about the positive and negative aspects that existRead MoreA Research Study On The Project Management1599 Words à |à 7 PagesCulture result in surveys conducted by the Executive management teams. The Client Operations department staff scored very poorly amongst the 50,000 banks employees, hence the development of a project to drive scores back to a more acceptable result. After undertaking this unit, I believe it was evident that there was a lack of structure in the planning process with the project and it resulted in misguided unproductive project teams. The project management (PM) teams neglected core planning areas and overlookedRead MoreA Research Study On Management Styles772 Words à |à 4 Pagesdemonstrating technical skills. Netherlands management approaches rely on cohesiveness and collaboration to exchange ideas with workers to create a productive work environment. Education is provided through government funding through the gra duate school level. India is a collectivist culture emphasizing the person-organization fit as a predictor of the turnover rate in that country. Individual technical skills are prevalent in their pool of talent. Management styles are less authoritarian and include
Wednesday, May 6, 2020
MRP II Inventory Management Free Essays
While MRP I primarily address the inbound flow of inventory (materials management), MRP II adds other interfaces such as finance, marketing, and integrated logistics. Like MRP I, MRP II is a push inventory model which pushes product through manufacturing and distribution processes in order to meet forecast demand. However, it adds further dimensions to the basic model. We will write a custom essay sample on MRP II: Inventory Management or any similar topic only for you Order Now MRP II not only considers the inbound flow of material, but also how much material can actually be handle within the plant. Furthermore, it actually handles production scheduling, labour needs, inventory budgets, and personnel needs. But the most important feature is the addition of the finance interface. This module provides the capability of transforming the operating production plans into financial terms, consequently the data can be used for financial planning and control purposes of a more general management nature. Another significant addition is the simulation module. This simulation capability enables management to perform a more comprehensive alternative planing work in developing the marketing and business plans. Operating variable could be regulated to examine the systemwide response to the proposed operating change. Besides MRP II includes the entire set of activities involved in the planning and control of production operations. It consists of a variety of functions of modules and includes production planing, resource requirement planning, master production scheduling, materials requirements planning (MRP I), shop floor control, and purchasing. Step 1 ââ¬â Market Demand; the process begins with an aggregation demand from all sources. Examples of sources are firmsâ⬠orders, forecasts, and safety stock requirements. Step 2- Production Plan; with inputs from manufacturing, finance, and marketing, the production plan would be derived. Step 3- Rough-cut capacity planning; it involves short-term capacity considerations that are affected by irregularities in demand. It formulates benchmarks for the proper use of personnel, machines, and shifts. Bills of capacity and bills of labour resources are the primary inputs to determine rough-cut capacity. In the event of incapability in producing the require output (due to limitation of capacity), adjustment to the production plan would be made. Step 4- Master production schedule; formulation of the master production schedules provides a realistic, detailed, statement of what the firm expects. It is more detail than the aggregate plan, it translates the aggregate plan into specific numbers of specific products to be produced in a specific period of time. Step 5- Material requirements planning (MRP); MRP is the heart of the entire process (MRP II). When MRP comes into play, material and schedule requirements would be generated. Step 6- Capacity requirements planning; at this stage, the capacity requirement planning determine whether the firm has enough capacity (e.g. worker, space, money) to meet the schedules. Again, if schedules could not be met, some adjustment in the master production schedule would be required else requirements would be scheduled. ââ¬â Improved consistency in one-time customer delivery ââ¬â Reduction in purchasing cost due to fewer expedited shipments ââ¬â Inventory reduction of one-fourth to one-third (cost reduced) ââ¬â Improve responsiveness to demand changes ââ¬â Allowing more planning flexibility ââ¬â Minimization of workforce overtime Problems in Implementation of MRP II Implementation an MRP II system is a monumental effort. The system requires a tremendous amount of information, which must be accurate if the system is to be successful. The MRP II systems is capable of affecting all function within Forgesâ⬠s marketing, production, purchasing, accounting, finance and logistic. All personnel who have any interaction with the MRP II system require training. Further, Forges must be committed to make the MRP II system work. The problems that occur in implementing MRP are frequently organizational and behavioral rather than technical. Existing Systems and the Informal System If an MRP II system is replacing an existing production and inventory control system, Forges may see significant resistance to change, even if the existing system has been unsatisfactory. People generally resist to change, and they prefer the familiar to the unfamiliar. Also, when a system performs poorly, an informal system develops to deal with problems. For MRP II to operate effectively, the company must have a large amount of timely and accurate data. Besides, bill of material must be developed for all items. Furthermore, all the bill of material (BOM) must be reviewed, updated, and structured that provide the data needed by MRP II. This would not be a simple task. Frequency product changes and modification can make the process of developing a BOM challenging. To maintain the integrity of the BOM, the company must practice effective configuration control, that is, the company must control and coordinate changes to its products to ensure a smooth changeover to new product designs. After a system is installed, careful attention and discipline must be exercised to ensure at all data used by the system is accurate. For example, if a clerk is supposed to enter a code 3, indicating that the item is purchase in thousands, but instead enters code 1, indicating that it is purchase in dozens, serious error and material shortages are likely to occur. If a system gives erroneous data at times, people may develop other way to get the data they need and may no longer bother to update the system, since they no longer use it. The system could then become even less reliable and be a burden rather then a benefit. All MRP II data must be accurate to ensure system integrity, but the inventory data are the most difficult to maintain because they change frequency. The MRP II inventory data must be compared periodically with the actual physical inventory to maintain accuracy. Periodic counting involves more than just counting parts. Forges must maintain proper housekeeping so that parts are properly located, accessible and identified. When implementing MRP II for the first time, getting inventory under control can be a formidable task. Top-level managers and managers are in all parts of the organization that will be affected by MRP must clearly recognize all the efforts needed to achieve this new way of managing their activities. These mangers must fully support all the changes and must remain supportive of the new system. The participation of users of the system in its development will make the people more familiar with the system. Besides, they would also be more committed as they play a part in the systemâ⬠s development. For the system to work, the entire user would have to be properly trained. Users must understand the system in order to used it effectively. A well-designed MRP system could help to improve a companyâ⬠s operation greatly, however a poorly designed can lead a company into deep trouble. Wallaceâ⬠s Proven Path for MRP Implementation According to Thomas Wallace, an MRP II expert, the implementation could be completed in 18 months. 12 months for implementing MRP, 3 months to ââ¬Å"close the loop,â⬠and three more months to implement MRP II. Figure above is a graphic representation of the implementation timetable. The process starts with first-cut education follows by developing a consensus that the company should implement MRP. Next, the education and training phase will begin and it is an ongoing activity even after implementation. By the second month, inventory accuracy and bill of material accuracy and structure will begin, they are the most time and labour consuming step. In the mid of the third month, production planning and MPS policies together with the system and software participation would start. By the eighth month, the first pilot program would commence. Subsequently the cutover phase would start. By the end of the twelveth month, the implementing of the basic MRP would be completed. The next three-month is for closing the MRP loop which encompass shop-floor control, capacity requirement planning and purchasing. Routings, work centers and system preparation will commence simultaneously. Once finished, another pilot program will commence follows by the cutover program. By the end of the fifteenth month, the MRP loop would be closed. How to cite MRP II: Inventory Management, Essay examples
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